제 3 호 King Sejong Does Not Cry Over Language Changes and Destruction: Looking Back on Language Habits
Kicker: ENTERTAINMENT (LANGUAGE) King Sejong Does Not Cry Over Language Changes and Destruction: Looking Back on Language Habits by Sarah Chae, Editor sarah3fran@gmail.com “King Sejong is crying because teenagers are destroying Hangeul.” News like this is coming around the corner with Hangeul Day (the Korean alphabet day). Do you really think he will pour tears and have a “멘붕” (menboong: mental breakdown) because teenagers have made new words and expressions? Hang on if you want to know the answer. Plus, do not miss out on anything because the the SM Herald has got useful and fun information ready for you: 1) The difference between ‘Language’/‘Hangeul’ breakdowns 2) Interview: SMU Korean Language and Culture Professor Koo Hyun-Jung 3) Useful Korean FREE font information 1) The difference between ‘Language’/‘Hangeul’ breakdowns The word mentioned above “멘붕(mental breakdown)”, is an example of an abbreviation (shortened words). “JMT (Jonmataeng: Extremely Delicious)” is using the English alphabet and is an abbreviation at the same time. Some say these kinds of phenomenon made by teens are breaking down the rules of Hangeul. However, using the English alphabet instead of Hangeul and abbreviations are actually closer to ‘language’ change and destruction, and is not ‘Hangeul’ destruction. This means that the Korean language is not the Korean alphabet itself. I am sure you can understand this sentence easily enough. Then why is everybody confused about this? First of all, Hangeul is so closely related to sound that people confuse most of the language destruction phenomena with 'Hangeul destruction' like the examples above. Another reason for the kind of articles on Hangeul Day that say King Sejong would shed tears, is, we do not have any other ‘Korean Day’. Since there is no Korean Day, as people (even smart teachers and reporters) look back on how right they are using their language, they must have confused the destruction of the language with the destruction of Korean. In short, the close relationship of the language and the alphabet has made the people think the two are the same thing. In short again, King Sejong won’t cry over language breakdowns. He made Hangeul, the alphabet, not the Korean language itself. ‘Language’/‘Hangeul’ Breakdowns and King Sejong Some people might not agree with me yet and say King Sejong would cry nevertheless. Yes, when something is not original, it makes some people uncomfortable. This may make you think ‘Language’/‘Hangeul’ breakdowns will break his heart. Looking back again though, King Sejong made Hangeul for people who did not know the Chinese characters to make their words into letters and make them easier to use. He wanted to increase opportunities and chances to speak out for the people. Yaminjeongeum(야민정음) is an example of a Hangeul breakdown. The shape of the letters is rearranged and misplaced. It may not be a perfect phenomenon and is difficult to communicate for people who do not know the rules. However, every language constantly changes. There is no way King Sejong would not know this fact. Korean and Hangeul have already changed shape, grammar, spelling, etc. through history. Therefore, King Sejong would probably be more interested in how his invention has naturally evolved in his people’s hands. Examples of Yaminjeongeum, the shape of the letters is rearranged and misplaced by a similar looking letter. 2) Interview: SMU Korean Language and Culture Professor Koo Hyun-Jung -Normally, when we think of Hangeul Day we think of King Sejong. Is there anyone and any other information we should know? In the movie The King's Letters (2019, 나랏말싸미) the character of the Buddhist monk 'Sinmi' played a big role in making Hangeul. However, movies are just movies and are not history. The production of Hangeul was King Sejong's achievement, and Sinmi only played a role in the process of translating Buddhist scriptures into Korean to verify the effectiveness of Hangul. Along with King Sejong, the person we should remember is the American missionary Homer Hulbert who created the first textbook in Korean. Not only did he act in many ways for Korea's independence, but he also led the effort to educate Koreans and spread the Korean alphabet by creating a textbook called Sămin p'ilji in 1891. He said, "I want to be buried in Korea rather than buried in Westminster Abbey", and his grave is in Yanghwajin. -What comes to mind when you think of Hangeul and Hangeul Day? It reminds me of Choi Hyeon-bae, who wrote Urimalbon (1937) in the Japanese colonial era. It would have been difficult to revive the Korean language if it were not for the Korean alphabet because during the colonial period Korean was not allowed to be used by prohibiting and changing Korean names. I thank the Korean Language Society (Joseoneo Hakhoe) teachers, including Choi Hyeon-bae, who treated Hangeul as a life and made dictionaries in prison. A note saying “Hangeul is life.” By Choi Hyeon-bae There are more than 7,000 languages and are all good for communicating and there are no 'better' languages than another. However, letters are a product of culture, and they reflect the level of a culture. Hangeul is the most advanced alphabet in the history of the development of characters. It is a featural alphabet whose common sound features are expressed in the same shape. Hangeul is the proudest cultural heritage for me as a Korean. - What kind of language life do you expect from your students as a professor and auditor of the Korean Language Society? Korean is a frame for expressing your thoughts, and the frame containing Korean is Hangeul. Ju Si-gyeong said, "If your words are harsh, your writings are rough; if your writings are rough, the words you use get harsh; if words and writings are calmed and controlled, the will and work of the people shall be governed." I hope that SMU students think first before using their language, and by changing their language style, I hope they will play the main role and shed light on this rough society. 3) Useful Korean FREE font information The SM Herald is also proud of Hangeul! It sure is a great Korean alphabet. Do you want to celebrate it too? Participate in fun contests like the Handwriting contest and Pretty Postcard contest in the image below! Some corporations are celebrating Hangeul Day by sharing the font they use. Download it through the link below, and have fun using it. Source: 김광해외, 1999, 국어지식탐구 [국어교육을위한국어학개론] 권재일, 2012, 한국어문법론 https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20181008116600055?input=1195m http://omn.kr/1a0tr http://www.newswatch.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=15949 http://www.joongboo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=1328379 https://programs.sbs.co.kr/drama/rootedtree/visualboard/60612/?cmd=view&board_no=154 http://www.arirang.com/Tv2/TVCommon_NoStaff_Archive.asp?PROG_CODE=TVCR0556&MENU_CODE=101233&view_seq=4528&Page=5&sys_lang=Eng https://news.joins.com/article/21994410 http://www.bostonkorea.com/news.php?code=&mode=view&num=25923
제 3 호 Political Correctness in Movies
Kicker: ENTERTAINMENT (MOVIE) Political Correctness in Movies Starting Point of Political Correctness and Some Movies Including It by Eun-ji Lee, Editor-in-chief dmswl716@naver.com Currently, there are lots of active movements correcting the expressions which are caused by the prejudices and asymmetrical power relationships. The movements also appear in some movies and these are called as “Political Correctness (PC).” This article is going to deal with PC to know its purpose, examples, and problems. ☞It contains the crucial and important contents about some movies. Thus, if you do not want to see the spoilers of Zootopia and Miss Baek, please click the go back button or come back after watching them. What Does Political Correctness really mean? The term of Political Correctness has come to refer to avoiding language and behavior that can be seen as excluding, marginalizing, or insulting the groups considered disadvantaged or discriminated against. The groups are usually defined by gender or race. This means that it is right to erase discriminations and prejudices from political perspective, particularly in multiracial nation like America. It should be the purpose of Political Correctness to remove the terms that make people suffer from a common language. Political Correctness has started to segue into the matter of the social minority’s rights from the matter of language. With the stream of the trend, many movies have begun to deal with the story of social minorities like racial minorities and women. The Movies including Political Correctness Zootopia, Byron P. Howard and Rich Moore, 2016 Judy, the small bunny, is discriminated against after being a police officer in an area of huge animals. And also, Nick, the fox, suffers hardships under prejudice that “the fox is the sly animal.” I think that the species and features of the animals indicate the genders and races of the humans. The movie shows the process how they overcome the discriminations and prejudices. In addition, it satirizes the modern society by presenting a character trying to gain political advantages with the support of the minority. Miss Baek, Lee Ji-won, 2018 This film shows the companionship between a child and a woman who have been damaged by family violence. The woman understands the situation of the child and becomes a helper for her. The child, who was not protected by society, gets over a desperate circumstance and grows brightly after meeting the helper. Especially, Miss Baek was a box office hit in Korea thanks to hearty support of female audiences. Movies with a female director are really rare in Korea, so many female audiences banded together to let all people know about this movie. Emotional Debates from Political Correctness Discussions A problem appears when people address Political Correctness. The term of Political “Correctness” implies right in itself. Some people have bad manners to the people who have opposite views on Political Correctness. This situation leads to raw criticisms against one another. I think that Political Correctness was made to bring people together, not to make other conflicts. Therefore, the process is necessary to check and understand each other’s opinions. We should understand each other. Lots of movies are trying to reflect the rights of minorities according to the passage of time. The audiences’ attitudes about the movies could vary. However, to separate each other without understanding will make social conflicts. I think that the society must grow positively with sound discussions. In this situation, the movie’s role is to enlighten people about the bias and discrimination in daily life. And also it should suggest the methods to overcome them with everyone coexisting. Sources: ‘A paso de cangrejo(Crab step)’, Umberto Eco, 2006 https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%98%AC%EB%B0%94%EB%A6%84 http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?art_id=201602211452371 http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2019/05/689_269363.html http://star.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/OhmyStar/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002494712 Rainer’s Culture Shock Youtube channel m.cine-rewind.com/671
제 2 호 All about the Legendary Fashion People Who Changed the World
All about the Legendary Fashion People Who Changed the World Entrepreneurs? Designers? Negotiators? They Could Be Whatever It Takes For Fashion by Yu-sun Kang, Reporter dbtjs126@naver.com ‘Supersensitive Geek’, ‘Glamorous Life Heritage’, ‘Successful Socialite’ or ‘High Status Man’ which of these most comes to mind when you think of the name ‘Fashion Designer’? I can assume that the answer will be ‘all of them’ because it will definitely recall all the perspectives. The reason for fashion designers’ celebrity, power, fame and position among people is quite simple. We could see and feel it from the death of Karl Lagerfeld, one of the most influential and recognizable fashion designers of the 20th century,whodied about two months ago when he was 85. His death led people to try to find a replacement for him to refill the huge absence. Aside from the fashion industry, obviously, many other positions are tremendously influenced by them as well. Now, in this article, we want to recognize the fantasies and dreams they wanted to be, and the amazing genius that made then come true. 1. French Fashion’s Biggest Icon, “Christian Dior” 1) Spotlight of the early beginning Christian Dior was born in 1905 in Granville but moved to Paris with his family. Dior always wanted to work in art, but his father insisted on a good education, so he enrolled at a prestigious school in Paris where he took a degree in Politics, which would prepare him for a diplomatic career. Despite this, Dior remained passionate about working in art and his father gave him money to open an art gallery in Paris. However, tragedy followed soon after with the death of his brother followed by his mother, resulting in the closure of the gallery. In order to make a bit of money, right after the tragedy,Dior sold fashion sketches to haute couture houses until he was able to find a job as an assistant couturier during World War II. Dior spent the rest of the war dressing the wives of German soldiers and French collaborators. After the war, he joined his father and his sister on a farm in Provence until he was offered a job in Paris by couturier Lucien Lelong. △Early sketches of Christian Dior 2) New evolution of the history The ‘New Look’ appeared in 1947 during the first Christian Dior couture fashion show. At the time, the Paris couture trade was in a precarious state. What it needed was excitement, and Christian Dior delivered it in a collection of luxurious clothes with soft shoulders, waspy waists and full-flowing skirts intended for what he called flower women. “It’s quite a revelation dear Christian Dior” pronounced Carmel Snow, the editor of US magazine Harper’s Bazaar. “Your dresses have such a New Look.” And the New Look dresses were born. The timing was absolutely spot- on. Dior was correct in his perception that people wanted something new after years of war. His New Look was reminiscent of the Belle Epoque ideal of long skirts, tiny waists and beautiful fabrics. Dior himself attributed his inspiration to the pretty, elegant clothes he had remembered his mother wearing to the Deauville Races in the 1900s. △Actresses in Dior’s elegant ‘New Look’ 3) The influence all around the world Another famous assistant he had was Yves St. Laurent, a talented designer from Algeria who joined in 1955. Yves Saint-Laurent was then a young and capable designer aspiring to graduate from Chambre Syndicale School of Fashion, contributing 35 costumes to the fall 1957 collection at the request of Dior, who recognized his talent. The talented genius designer, ‘Yves Saint-Laurent,’ is Christian Dior's chief designer and successfully developed and expanded the company even after Dior died in 1957. And his role enormously influenced this brand as the huge part of the many high-end fashion brands in this world. 2. The Powerful Woman of the Italian Fashion Industry Beloved By Hollywood Stars, “Donatella Versace” 1) Spotlight of the early beginning Donatella Versace, the younger sister of the famous designer Gianni, Versace was his adviser and inspiration while he was a budding designer. When Gianni Versace started his own fashion company in Milan, she was right there by his side and organized many fashion shows and advertising campaigns. He awarded her with her own diffusion label, ‘Versus’ which produces clothes till today. But after his murder, the ‘Versace’ Empire fell upon hard times and she became creative director of the Versace Group. It was during the rebuilding process that Donatella showed her other talent - public relations. Using such celebrity friends as Madonna, Demi Moore, Elton John and others, she began to equate the ‘Versace’ name with celebrity in the public eye. By doing so, she managed to turn the ‘Versace’ line back into a force in the fashion industry. △ Young Donatella Versace with her brother Gianni Versace 2) New evolution of the history After the death of Gianni in 1997 in Miami, his sister Donatella became not only the chief dressmaker and director but a chairman of the Versace group. She had the task of bringing Versace into the new millennium. The importance of Versace in the history of fashion is measured also under other aspects. It is in fact one of the brands that contributed most from the late 70s to make Milan the fashion capital of the world. 3) The influence all around the world She soon proved to be important to Versace PR and spread its name throughout Europe and most of the United States. She placed Jennifer Lopez, Madonna, Courtney Love, Christina Aguilera, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Demi Moore, and Lady Gaga in high esteem in the Versace advertising sector. Her popularity grew when she designed the Versace Green Dress, also known as the "Jungle-Dress", which was worn by Jennifer Lopez at the Grammys. Her sense for designing and strategies through the mass media extended Versace even greater and bigger. Also its expansion reaches out to the cosmetics, eyewear and even resort and hotel businesses very shortly. △Donatella and supermodels in Versace dresses / Palazzo Versace resort on the Gold Coast of Australia 3. The Most Iconic Star Designer Writing a Legendary History in the Whole New World, “Alessandro Michele 1) Spotlight of the early beginning At the center of Gucci's growth is Gucci designer Alessandro Michele. Born in Rome in 1972, he joined Gucci in 2002 and worked as a designer for the right arm of Gucci's former chief designer Prada Gianni and a designer dedicated to accessories in Gucci. However, he was always a prominent unknown designer compared to other famous designers, and no one expected him to be the chief designer. When Gucci designer Prada Gianni and his lover Gucci CEO Patizio Dimarco left Gucci in 2014, Alessandro Michele reportedly planned to leave the company. The Gucci chief designer post was vacant and CEO Marco Visiri, who was just appointed to Gucci in January 2015, reportedly came to Alessandro Michele's home for coffee. Michele says he never dreamed it would be an interview. He had left Gucci at the time, so he was very open and had no audacity to talk to Marco about his thoughts. A few days later, Marco Visiri called to ask Michele to be in charge as the main designer of the collection. △Alessandro Michele’s first runway collection that changed the history of Gucci 2) New evolution of the history It was common practice for a chief designer of a large brand like Gucci to hire a famous designer from the past. However, it was almost the first time that an unknown designer was promoted from the company to a senior designer. Alessandro Michele's appointment as chief designer was close to a big gamble in Gucci. But the appointment of him as chief designer allowed Gucci to pop the perfect jackpot. Michelle says he loves the "decorative splendor" of the Renaissance and the "rulesless idea" where everything is possible. He is also full of free-spirited artists who are not conscious of anyone's gaze due to his father's influence as a hippie. 3) The influence all around the world Looking at his fashion works, he seems to have been reborn as a Gucci, whose unique and freshness and beautiful colorfulness only reminded him of the logo, with patterns and beautiful color. I can't help but go wild with the Gucci transformation with Alessandro Michele. Alessandro Michele, who recreated Gucci's colors and patterns to create Gucci's fashion, is expected to see what kind of waves he will show in Gucci as exclusive designer. And now, he is the most famous fashion designer and also influencer who has tremendous potential and gets along with other socialites, celebrities and social elites. △Alessandro Michele, Lana Del Rey and Jared Leto in the most famous fashion show ‘Met Gala’ 4. The Undeniable Eternity of the Fashion World, “Coco Chanel” 1) Spotlight of the early beginning She was born in Saumur in 1883 and was raised by nuns in an orphanage where she learned to sew at a young age. Chanel started her career as a milliner opening her first shop in Paris in 1913 following in the footsteps of fellow French milliner and fashion designer Caroline Reboux. As she expanded her business to Deauville and Biarritz, she began designing clothing where her first hit was actually jersey dresses. However, Chanel is most known for her legendary collarless jackets and well-fitted skirts which borrowed elements from menswear and focused more on tailoring and comfort than femininity and restriction. Chanel is also known for popularizing the little black dress, worn by Chanel as chic mourning wear after the death of a lover. The idyllic little black dress is now a closet staple for all occasions. △Chic, classic and elegant looks Coco Chanel made by herself 2) New evolution of the history As the century morphed into the ‘20s, Chanel was acknowledged as one of the great fashion leaders not only in Paris, but across the globe. Her entire style seems as modern today as it was then. She created feminine evening dresses of lace that gave women as much authority as her day wear did. In the 1920s, Chanel took her thriving business to new heights. She launched her first perfume, Chanel No. 5, which was the first to feature a designer’s name. Perfume “is the unseen, unforgettable, ultimate accessory of fashion that heralds your arrival and prolongs your departure,” Chanel once explained.And it is considered one of the most loved perfumes in the world, with Marilyn Monroe's iconic advertisement in 1920. △Marilyn Monroe and Chanel No.5 that she used to wear 3) The influence all around the world She is irreplaceable and we know this because so many people still look up to her designs and continue to use her creativity. Karl Lagerfeld have run her company and he continued to use her iconic symbol, and the ideas that inspired Chanel's original designs. Chanel Also inspired other designers with other fashion risks, meaning a really nice achievement that shows how much of an impact she had on the fashion world. It is no exaggeration to say that the power of the "Fashion Golden Age" where they had become legends in a field over fashion greatly influences and inspires young creators and designers. Designers are people who have no fear, enjoy change and are destined to create trends and be pioneers to make the new sense with constantly tremendous attempts. These effects can be influenced by the potential from the classics and the old things also. The great designers mentioned above must be classified like the ‘valuable materials’ that remain forever, not ‘just past’. I think the young, up-and-coming designers should live to catch up with the challenges they have faced and the inner talents to make a brand new world. Sources : http://versace.com/ https://www.chanel.com/us/ https://www.gucci.com/kr/ko/ https://www.dior.com/ko_kr https://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/fashion/chanel-brand-history-9363 http://www.vogue.co.kr/?international
제 1 호 Singapore Trip
Singapore Trip Looking into the Culture of Singapore by Hye-im Li, Reporter kateli1004@naver.com ▲Marina Bay Sands Is there anyone planning to go to Singapore? Then, this article will help you a lot. I went to Singapore during winter vacation. I traveled from February 27th to March 3rd. It was a very fruitful journey. I would like to share my experience about the culture of Singapore with you. It will help you when you are traveling in Singapore. Singapore is a multi-ethnic nation. Singapore consists of 74 percent Chinese, 13 percent Malay and 9 percent Indian. Therefore, Singapore is a country where many cultures coexist. There are Singapore Chinatown, Little India, the Old City and Arab Street where each culture is gathered. At first, let’s find out about the food cultures in Singapore. Looking into Food Culture <Singapore Chinatown- Yum Cha Restaurant> I visited Chinatown in Singapore. I searched for the Yum Cha Restaurant which was recommended by the local people. After the meal, I was satisfied with all of the dishes which I ordered. I think Pan Fried Radish Cake was the best. I took a picture of the Pan Fried Radish Cake. It is on the left side. I want to eat Pan Fried Radish Cake again! ▲Pan Fried Radish Cake <Singapore Chinatown-Chinatown Seafood Restaurant> When I was searching about Singapore’s popular food, chilly crab caught my mind. I found out that there was “Chinatown Seafood Restaurant” which sells chilly crab. It takes only 7 minutes to arrive at the restaurant from my hotel. The chilly crab was as delicious as I expected. Now I understand why many Korean tourists recommended chilly crab! ▲Chilly crab <Little India-Tekka Centre> I went to the Tekka Centre which is one of the Hawker Centers. A Hawker Center is a kind of food court where local food is gathered. The Tekka Centre is located in Little India so there are many Indian foods. I tried a garlic naan and vegetable sauce. Here is the picture which I took in person. The garlic naan was freshly baked and the vegetable sauce was more delicious than I thought. If I lived near the Tekka Centre, I would visit every day to try all of the food. It was too bad that I could not try many kinds of food. ▲Garlic naan and the vegetable sauce Second, let’s find out the religion in Singapore.Singapore is a multi-religious country. Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Taoism are gathered in Singapore. However, one particular religion was not developed in Singapore. Therefore, Singapore designates Buddha’s Birthday, Christmas, Easter, ProphetMohammed’s Birthday as a public holiday. In the article, I would like to tell you about three popular religions which are Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. Looking into Religion <Buddhism> Singaporeans who believe in Buddhism are about 33%. However, Buddhism in Singapore is mixed with Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and ancestor worship. Therefore, Buddhism in Singapore is hard to be referred to as Buddhism. < Christianity> Singaporeans who believe in Christianity are about 18%. With so many Christians, Singapore is one of the few countries which allows Christmas as a public holiday along with Korea, Hong Kong, Macao and the Philippines. Therefore, you can see equatorial Christmas with no snow in Singapore. < Islam> Singaporeans who believe in Islam are about 15%. Most of the 99% of Malayans are Muslims. Thanks to the Malayans, Islam could retain religious force in Singapore. The Sultan Mosque (left) is the greatest Muslim mosque in Singapore and the most splendid religious structure in the country. The Sultan Mosque is located on Arab Street. If you have a chance to go to Arab Street, make sure to visit the Sultan Mosque! ▲The Sultan Mosque Finally, let’s find out about the laws of Singapore. Singaporean society is highly regulated through the criminalization of many activities which are considered as fairly harmless in other countries. If you are going to Singapore, you must notice about some laws that can be easily broken. Looking into the Law of Singapore Details Fine Selling and chewing gum in a public place SGD 1000 Failing to flush toilets after use SGD 150 Littering SGD 300 Jaywalking SGD 1000 On Singapore’s Mass Rapid Transit system No eating and drinking SGD 500 No durians - No smoking SGD 1000 No flammable goods SGD 5000 Feeding pigeons SGD 500 Carrying tobacco or tobacco paraphernalia (only in the smoking zone) SGD 2000 Drinking in public places (not allowed from 10:30pm~7:00am) SGD 1000 Taking off one’s clothes at home SGD 2000 Spitting SGD 1000 (SGD 1 = KRW 830) I was a little bit nervous when I noticed about the criminal laws of Singapore. Therefore, I have to keep in mind the law when I am traveling Singapore. If I had not kept in mind the law, I could have faced hefty fines. It would be very embarrassing. I hope you make sure about the law in advance and prevent the embarrassing moment. My Singapore trip was satisfying. It was impressive to experience various cultures in one country. I wish I could visit Singapore again. In addition, I am glad to share my experience with you. I hope my article is useful to you when you are going to Singapore. Sources: https://www.visitsingapore.com/ko_kr/see-do-singapore/culture-heritage/places-of-worship/sultan-mosque/ https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3406984&cid=48179&categoryId=48382 https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%8B%B1%EA%B0%80%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Singapore
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